Fig. 1
From: Vagus nerve stimulation modulates hippocampal inflammation caused by continuous stress in rats
Regulation of gastric mucosal lesion and production of inflammatory cytokines in CS animals by aVNS. A Scheme showing the time course of animal treatments before the preparation of gastric tissues. B Representative photographic images of the inner surface of gastric mucosal tissues. C Microphotographs of hemotoxylin and eosin stained gastric tissues. The surface of mucosa layer in the stomach is marked by arrowheads. D–I Western blot analysis of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 proteins from the lysates of gastric tissues in male rats (D–F) and in female rats (G–I). Representative images of four independent experiments are shown in upper panels, and quantification of the band intensity for individual proteins are plotted in lower panels. In D–I, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (One-way ANOVA)