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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: PD-L1 signaling in reactive astrocytes counteracts neuroinflammation and ameliorates neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury

Fig. 4

Blockade of PD-L1 increased the cavity size of injured cortex and motor and emotion dysfunction of TBI mice. After 24 h of surgery, each mouse was given a single dose (200 μg/kg) of anti-PD-L1 Ab or IgG via subcutaneous injection. A Representative images of the brain of sham mice and tissue cavity in injured cortex of TBI mice treated with PD-L1 Ab or IgG using the Nissl staining. B Quantitative data of tissue loss in ipsilateral cortex of sham and TBI mice with PD-L1 Ab or IgG treatment (n = 5/group). C Rotarod test was conducted to determine the motor function. Mice received rotarod test for baseline 1 day before sugery and at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-TBI or post-sham. Data were presented as average ± SD and analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey HSD (n = 10/group). D The elevated plus maze (EPM) consisting of open and enclosed arms was used to determine mouse anxious and impulsive behavior. The time (Left) and distance (Right) of each mouse spent on the open arms were recorded and calculated. Data were presented as average ± SD and analyzed using the two way ANOVA (n = 10/group). *comparison of TBI versus sham, #comparison of PD-L1 Ab versus IgG in TBI. ns, not significant; #p < 0.05, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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