Fig. 1

Running exercise prevented cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy and reduced Aβ plaques in APP/PS1 mice. The effects of long-term voluntary running exercise on the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice were evaluated by NOR and MWM in 13-month-old WT_Sed, AD_Sed, WT_Run, and AD_Run mice. a The average speed in the orientation navigation test. b The escape latency in orientation navigation test. c The number of times across the platform in the spatial probe test. d DI of novel object recognition. a–d n = 20. e The volume of the DG, CA1 and CA3 regions of WT_Sed, AD_Sed, WT_Run, and AD_Run mice. n = 5. f Quantification results of the amyloid plaque load (% area) for AD_Sed mice and AD_Run mice. n = 4–5. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001