Fig. 4

Cellular markers of immune activation. Increases in cellular markers of immune activation were identified in CD4 and CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood and in CD8 T cells in the CSF. Percentages of Ki67 + cells (A) and HLA-DR + CD38 + (B) in CD4 T cells and percentages of Ki67 + cells (C) and HLA-DR + CD38 + (D) in CD8 T cells are shown. Each color represents data from individual animals as listed in Fig. 1B. *P values were based on early post-inoculation (PI) results from all 8 animals (Late group, n = 4 at day 4 PI, squares and Early group, n = 4 at day 8 PI, circles)