Fig. 1

Pie chart summarizing the fraction of patients diagnosed with each individual inflammatory (INF) and non-inflammatory (N-INF) disease of the nervous system. A Diseases identified in patients from the discovery group diagnosed with an inflammatory disease of the CNS: CNS infectious diseases (Neurosyphilis), Other primary autoimmune diseases of CNS (CNS vasculitis, Encephalomyelitis, Idiopathic myelitis and Idiopathic optic neuritis), Systemic autoimmune diseases with neurologic involvement (Neuro-Behçet), and others (Harada’s disease). Two patients with Guillain–Barre and demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy were also included in the latter group. B Diseases identified in patients from the discovery group diagnosed with a non-inflammatory disease of the CNS: Psychosomatic Disorders (Fibromyalgia, Sensitive complains and Depression), Vascular disorders (Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, White matter lesions caused by small vessel disease, Ischemic stroke and Transient ischemic attack), Neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Spastic paraparesis) and others (Cervical spondylotic myelopathy, D5 body hemangioma, Essential tremor, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Ocular lesions and Rathke’s cleft cyst). One patient with Diabetic polyneuropathy was also included in the latter group. C Diseases identified in patients from the validation group  diagnosed with an inflammatory disease of the CNS: Systemic autoimmune diseases with neurologic involvement (Neurolupus, Neuro-Behçet, Neurosarcoidosis and Erdheim–Chester disease), CNS infectious and parainfectious diseases (Neurocysticercosis, Neuroborreliosis, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Parainfectious Pancerebellum Syndrome), other primary autoimmune diseases of CNS (anti-GAD ataxia, CNS vasculitis, Encephalitis, Encephalomyelitis, Idiopathic monophasic myelitis, recurrent myelitis), anti-MOG associated disease (anti-MOG [myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein] disease and anti-MOG + optic neuritis), other diseases (Dysautonomic syndrome, Encephalopathy, Harada’s disease, Idiopathic inflammatory Myopathy, Pachymeningitis, PanUveitis, Rhombencephalitis and Spondylodiscitis). D Diseases identified in patients from the validation group diagnosed with a non-inflammatory disease of the CNS: Psychosomatic disorders (memory and sensitive complains), Vascular diseases (CADASIL, Cerebral thrombosis, Microvascular VI paresis, Ischemic stroke, Subdural hematoma and White matter lesions caused by small vessel disease), CNS tumors (Brainstem neoplasm, CNS metastasis and CNS B cells lymphoma), Neurodegenerative diseases (Progressive supranuclear palsy, Ataxia, Idiopathic chorea, Hereditary spastic paraplegia, Dementia and CANVAS), Neurometabolic diseases (Vanishing white matter disease and Marchiafava-Bignami disease) and other diseases (Dystonia, Encephalopathy, Hydrocephalus, Idiopathic leukoencephalopathy, Intracerebral hypertension, Reflex syncope and Stiff-Person syndrome)