Fig. 8

Inflammatory sensitization of monocytes induced by RBC-EVs from PD patients. A Quantitative analysis of IL1b, IL6 and TNF mRNA levels using qPCR, in monocytes pretreated with RBC-EVs from PD patients and healthy controls at resting state (blue) and stimulated with LPS for 24 h (red). B Quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12p70, and C anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 using MSD, released by monocytes pretreated with RBC-EVs from PD patients and healthy controls at resting state (blue) and stimulated with LPS for 24 h (red). N = 3 independent experiments in each group. Values are means ± S.E.M, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001