Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Connexin 43 gap junction-mediated astrocytic network reconstruction attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice

Fig. 2

Long-term isoflurane anesthesia induces central neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice. a Representative trajectories of each group in the context test of FCT. b At day 1 and 3 after long-term isoflurane anesthesia, in the context test of FCT, the percentage of freezing time was significantly reduced in the mice of isoflurane (Iso) group compared with control (Con) group. c Representative trajectories of each group in the tone test of FCT. d In the tone test of FCT, no significant difference in freezing time between the two groups at any time point. e Representative trajectories of each group in the Y-maze test. f Spontaneous alternation was significantly decreased in the Y-maze on days 1 and 3 following long-term isoflurane anesthesia. Exposure to the long-term isoflurane resulted in a marked increase in IL-1β (g) and IL-6 (h) levels in the hippocampus of mice (n = 5/group). Exposure to the long-term isoflurane resulted in a marked increase in IL-1β (i) and IL-6 (j) levels in astrocytes (n = 6/group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 12 per group for behavioral assessments). Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Back to article page