Fig. 1
Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced weight loss and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity was reversed 33 days after CS cessation. Mice were exposed to CS or room air (sham) for 8 weeks. CS exposure was then stopped, and mice were housed for an additional 3, 10 or 33 days. A Body weight percentage change (exposure by day interaction: F(37,888) = 54.87, p < 0.0001; n = 14 per group). B Total number of cells (F(4,35) = 146.1, p < 0.0001); C macrophages (F(4,32) = 41.88, p < 0.0001); D neutrophils (F(4,35) = 272.5, p < 0.0001); E lymphocytes in BALF (n = 6–10 per group). F BALF protein carbonylation (F(4,50) = 4.553, p < = 0.003) and G BALF protein carbonylation correlation (r(62) = 0.1350, p = 0.0028; n = 6 per group). H Gene expression of cytokines and chemokines in the lung (tumour necrosis factor [Tnf]: F(4,23) = 24.11, p < 0.0001; interleukin 6 [Il6]: F(4,25) = 4.03, p = 0.011; Il1b: F(4,25) = 5.83, p = 0.002; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand [Cxcl]-1: F(4,23) = 7.90, p = 0.0004; Cxcl2: F(4,21) = 61.69, p < 0.0001; C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 [Ccl2]: F(4,23) = 24.11, p < 0.0001; Matrix Metalloproteinase [Mmp]12: F(4,23) = 24.57, p < 0.0001; glutathione peroxidase [Gpx]1: F(4,23) = 4.929, p = 0.0051; NADPH oxidase [Nox]1: F(4,24) = 9.292, p < 0.0001; Nox2: F(4,23) = 25.42, p < 0.0001; Nox4: (F(4,25) = 6.360, p = 0.0011). Data are expressed as mean + SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001