Fig. 2

PSCI mice receiving present higher Enterobacteriaceae abundance and lower fecal butyrate level than nPSCI mice. a Experimental design. After acclimatization for 1 week, mice received antibiotics in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 3 days after MCAO, gut microbiota from PSCI patients or non-PSCI patients was transferred to stroke mice by FMT. Sodium butyrate (NaB) was provided via drinking water. b Principal-coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of unweighted UniFrac distances between the three groups. c Average relative abundances of prevalent microbiota at the family levels in the three groups. d LEfSe shows bacterial taxa with significantly different abundances between the three groups. e Relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae and fecal butyrate levels in the three groups. f Correlations between Enterobacteriaceae and butyrate by Spearman’s rank correlation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 15–17 mice per group, Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and fecal butyrate level. *P < .05, **P < .01