Fig. 3

Astrogliosis is exacerbated in AD/MxD females, while microglia coverage is decreased in AD/MxD males. A Hippocampal regions of interest examined: CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (image created with BioRender.com). B Microgliosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was gauged through Iba1 immunofluorescence (greater % area covered indicating greater microgliosis). C Astrogliosis was gauged through GFAP immunofluorescence (greater % area covered indicating greater astrogliosis). D Representative images of Iba-1 immunofluorescence in the CA1 regions. E Representative images of GFAP immunofluorescence in the CA1 regions. F–H Hippocampal expression of markers for microgliosis (Iba-1: F and CD68: G) and astrogliosis (GFAP: H) normalized to RPL13A expression. Data are presented as mean + SEM, effect of dementia: ^p < 0.05 effect of dementia, ^^^^p < 0.0001 effect of dementia, effect, *p < 0.05 effect of diet, 2-way ANOVA, (n = 4–5/group)