Fig. 5
Cognitive impairments and pathological outcomes are correlated with metabolic deficits in male and female mice. Using a correlation matrix, we compared relationships between cognitive, metabolic, and pathological factors. A, B Correlations between cognitive and metabolic measures. Visc fat: visceral fat pad weight normalized to body weight (n = 55–58/sex); AUC: area under the curve from the glucose tolerance test, high AUC indicates greater glucose intolerance (n = 54–58/sex); %decrease in blood flow: the percent difference in cerebral blood flow in the temporal region of the cortical brain surface (n = 50–51/sex); MWM % target: % of the time spent in the target quadrant of the probe trial of the MWM test, higher percentage indicates better spatial memory (n = 58/sex); NOR% time: % time spent with the novel object in the testing trial of the NOR test, higher percentage indicates better episodic-like memory (n = 46–49/sex); ADLs: activities of daily living assessed by score in the nest building test, a lower score indicates worse ADLs (n = 57–58/sex). C, D Correlations between metabolic and pathological measures in the subset of mice designated for IHC. AUC: area under the curve from the glucose tolerance test, high AUC indicates greater glucose intolerance (n = 18–21/sex); amyloid count: the number of cells in a cortical ROI that were positive for beta-amyloid (n = 19–20/sex); CA1 GFAP: the % area covered by GFAP staining in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, greater coverage indicates greater astrogliosis in that region (n = 18–19/sex); CA2 GFAP, (n = 17–19/sex); CA1 Iba2: the % area covered by Iba1 staining in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, greater coverage indicates greater astrogliosis (n = 17–18/sex) CA2 Iba1, (n = 18/sex). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, significant correlation; Pearson r values are presented. Yellow: positive correlation, Blue: negative correlation. E, F Linear regression of CA1 Iba1% area covered and glucose tolerance test from the AUC (males: n = 19; females n = 17). r2 value and p value are presented