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Table 3 Associations of individual inflammation marker or combination of IL-6 and YKL-40 with a Modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2 within 1 year

From: Interleukin-6 and YKL-40 predicted recurrent stroke after ischemic stroke or TIA: analysis of 6 inflammation biomarkers in a prospective cohort study

Marker and levels *

Events [no., (%)]

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Model 3§

Model 4||

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

IL-6 (ng/L)

Q1

336 (13.0)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

500 (19.5)

1.62 (1.39–1.88)

< 0.0001

1.32 (1.13–1.55)

0.0006

1.34 (1.15–1.58)

0.0003

1.39 (1.17–1.63)

0.0001

Q3

626 (24.5)

2.16 (1.87–2.50)

< 0.0001

1.44 (1.23–1.68)

< 0.0001

1.47 (1.26–1.72)

< 0.0001

1.48 (1.26–1.74)

< 0.0001

Q4

933 (37.0)

3.92 (3.41–4.51)

< 0.0001

1.88 (1.61–2.20)

< 0.0001

1.95 (1.66–2.28)

< 0.0001

1.93 (1.64–2.27)

< 0.0001

Continuous model

1.82 (1.73–1.92)

< 0.0001

1.32 (1.24–1.41)

< 0.0001

1.34 (1.26–1.43)

< 0.0001

1.32 (1.24–1.41)

< 0.0001

IL-1Ra (ng/L)

Q1

462 (18.0)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

504 (19.7)

1.11 (0.97–1.28)

0.14

1.00 (0.87–1.17)

0.97

1.01 (0.86–1.17)

0.93

1.00 (0.86–1.17)

0.98

Q3

638 (24.9)

1.51 (1.32–1.72)

< 0.0001

1.24 (1.07–1.44)

0.005

1.24 (1.07–1.45)

0.004

1.25 (1.07–1.46)

0.006

Q4

791 (31.3)

2.07 (1.81–2.36)

< 0.0001

1.55 (1.34–1.80)

< 0.0001

1.54 (1.32–1.78)

< 0.0001

1.60 (1.37–1.87)

< 0.0001

Continuous model

1.51 (1.41–1.63)

 < 0.0001

1.32 (1.21–1.43)

 < 0.0001

1.31 (1.20–1.42)

 < 0.0001

1.33 (1.22–1.45)

 < 0.0001

hsCRP (mg/L)

Q1

422 (16.3)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

460 (18.1)

1.14 (0.98–1.31)

0.08

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

0.43

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

0.43

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

0.43

Q3

606 (23.8)

1.60 (1.40–1.84)

< 0.0001

1.30 (1.12–1.51)

0.0005

1.32 (1.14–1.53)

0.0003

1.29 (1.11–1.51)

0.001

Q4

907 (35.9)

2.88 (2.52–3.28)

< 0.0001

1.62 (1.40–1.87)

< 0.0001

1.65 (1.42–1.91)

< 0.0001

1.60 (1.37–1.86)

< 0.0001

Continuous model

1.38 (1.33–1.42)

< 0.0001

1.16 (1.11–1.20)

< 0.0001

1.16 (1.12–1.21)

< 0.0001

1.15 (1.11–1.20)

< 0.0001

Lp-PLA2 (μg/L)

Q1

582 (22.8)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

564 (22.2)

0.97 (0.85–1.10)

0.61

0.98 (0.84–1.13)

0.74

0.98 (0.84–1.13)

0.73

0.97 (0.84–1.13)

0.73

Q3

609 (23.7)

1.06 (0.93–1.20)

0.41

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

0.36

1.06 (0.92–1.23)

0.41

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

0.61

Q4

640 (25.1)

1.14 (1.00–1.30)

0.05

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

0.26

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

0.29

1.05 (0.91–1.22)

0.50

Continuous model

1.11 (1.00–1.23)

0.06

1.07 (0.96–1.20)

0.24

1.07 (0.95–1.20)

0.25

1.04 (0.93–1.18)

0.49

Lp-PLA2-A (nmol/min/ml)

Q1

586 (22.9)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

567 (22.1)

0.96 (0.84–1.09)

0.50

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

0.69

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.75

0.97 (0.84–1.13)

0.71

Q3

588 (23.0)

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

0.95

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

0.64

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

0.65

0.93 (0.80–1.08)

0.32

Q4

654 (25.8)

1.17 (1.03–1.33)

0.02

1.13 (0.98–1.30)

0.10

1.13 (0.98–1.30)

0.10

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

0.25

Continuous model

1.14 (0.99–1.30)

0.06

1.09 (0.94–1.27)

0.23

1.10 (0.94–1.27)

0.23

1.05 (0.90–1.22)

0.55

YKL-40 (mg/L)

Q1

445 (17.5)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

537 (20.9)

1.25 (1.09–1.44)

0.002

1.06 (0.91–1.23)

0.47

1.07 (0.92–1.24)

0.41

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

0.44

Q3

585 (22.9)

1.40 (1.22–1.61)

< 0.0001

0.95 (0.81–1.11)

0.48

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

0.58

0.94 (0.80–1.11)

0.48

Q4

828 (32.6)

2.29 (2.00–2.61)

< 0.0001

1.20 (1.03–1.40)

0.02

1.24 (1.06–1.45)

0.007

1.21 (1.03–1.42)

0.02

Continuous model

1.54 (1.45–1.64)

< 0.0001

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

0.01

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

0.003

1.11 (1.02–1.20)

0.01

IL-6 + YKL-40

Q1

477 (15.2)

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Reference

–

Q2

359 (18.0)

1.23 (1.05–1.42)

0.008

0.91 (0.78–1.08)

0.28

0.93 (0.79–1.09)

0.34

0.92 (0.78–1.09)

0.33

Q3

505 (25.6)

1.92 (1.67–2.21)

< 0.0001

1.31 (1.13–1.53)

0.0005

1.33 (1.14–1.55)

0.0002

1.33 (1.13–1.55)

0.0005

Q4

1054 (34.0)

2.88 (2.54–3.25)

< 0.0001

1.36 (1.18–1.57)

 < 0.0001

1.40 (1.22–1.62)

 < 0.0001

1.36 (1.17–1.58)

< 0.0001

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, Q1 quartile 1, Q2 quartile 2, Q3 quartile 3, Q4 quartile 4, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-1Ra interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, hsCRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, Lp-PLA2 lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Lp-PLA2-A lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity
  2. *All markers were categorized into 4 even groups by quartiles. In the continuous model, the odds ratios correspond to per-unit increment of logarithm of marker value
  3. †Model 1: unadjusted
  4. ‡Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, medical histories of atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, baseline NIHSS score, mRS score before the onset of index events and baseline leukocyte count
  5. §Model 3: adjusted for all factors in Model 2 and tPA treatment
  6. ||Model 4: adjusted for all factors in Model 3 and stroke recurrence within 1 year
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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094