Fig. 2

Forest plots for the association of NC, NLR and SII with CSVD imaging markers. Forest plots show the cORs/ORs for NC, NLR, SII and outcomes of WMH, Lacunes, CMBs and BG-EPVS assessed according to Wardlaw and Rothwell grading system, respectively. Association for ordinal categorical outcomes of Modified WMH burden and CMBs assessed according to Rothwell were expressed as cOR, whereas others was expressed as OR. The black lines represent the 95% confidence intervals of cORs/ORs. Multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for traditional risk factors of CSVD in Table 1. NC neutrophil count, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SII systemic immune-inflammation index (platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count), cOR common odds ratio, OR odds ratio. WMH burden was defined as either (early) confluent deep white matter hyperintensities (Fazekas score 2 or 3) or irregular periventricular white matter hyperintensities extending into the deep white matter (Fazekas score 3); modified WMH burden was classified into grade 0: total periventricular + subcortical white matter hyperintensities score 1–2, grade 1: total periventricular + subcortical white matter hyperintensities score 3–4 and grade 2: total periventricular + subcortical white matter hyperintensities score 5–6. Presence of CMBs was defined as presence of cerebral microbleeds; CMBs burden was classified as grade 0: absent, grade 1: 1–4 microbleeds and grade 2: ≥ 5 microbleeds. BG-EPVS (moderate-to-severe) indicated > 10 perivascular space in basal ganglia; BG-EPVS (severe) indicated severe (> 20) perivascular space in basal ganglia