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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to CSVD burden

From: Association of inflammatory markers with cerebral small vessel disease in community-based population

Variables

CSVD (Wardlaw)*

CSVD (Rothwell)†

Absence of CSVD (n = 2121)

Presence of CSVD (n = 931)

P value

Absence of CSVD (n = 1785)

Presence of CSVD (n = 1267)

P value

Demographic data

      

 Age, mean ± SD

59.8 ± 6.1

64.6 ± 6.7

 < 0.001

59.4 ± 6.1

63.7 ± 6.7

 < 0.001

 Male, n (%)

936 (44.1)

483 (51.9)

 < 0.001

812 (45.5)

607 (47.9)

0.19

Risk factors, n (%)

      

 Hypertension

769 (36.3)

545 (58.5)

 < 0.001

607 (34.0)

707 (55.8)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

409 (19.3)

250 (26.9)

 < 0.001

328 (18.4)

331 (26.1)

 < 0.001

 History of dyslipidemia

412 (19.4)

200 (21.5)

0.19

364 (20.4)

248 (19.6)

0.58

 History of heart disease

149 (7.0)

100 (10.7)

0.001

121 (6.8)

128 (10.1)

0.001

 Current smoking

439 (20.7)

184 (19.8)

0.56

381 (21.3)

242 (19.1)

0.13

 Current drinking

382 (18.0)

189 (20.3)

0.14

324 (18.2)

247 (19.5)

0.35

 BMI, median (IQR) (kg/m2)

23.5 (21.7–25.6)

23.7 (21.6–25.8)

0.41

23.5 (21.7–25.6)

23.7 (21.6–25.8)

0.35

Laboratory data, median (IQR)

      

 Hemoglobin, g/L

141.0 (132.0–151.0)

141.0 (133.0–151.0)

0.70

141.0 (132.0–151.0)

141.0 (132.0–151.0)

0.30

 White blood cell count (× 109/L))

5.9 (5.1–7.0)

6.2 (5.2–7.2)

 < 0.001

5.9 (5.1–7.0)

6.2 (5.2–7.1)

0.002

 Neutrophil count (× 109/L)

3.3 (2.7–4.1)

3.5 (2.8–4.4)

 < 0.001

3.3 (2.7–4.1)

3.5 (2.8–4.3)

 < 0.001

 Lymphocyte count (× 109/L)

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

0.60

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

0.45

 Platelet count (× 109/L)

208.0 (176.0–243.0)

206.0 (171.0–241.0)

0.29

207.0 (176.0–242.0)

207.0 (173.0–242.0)

0.54

 NLR

1.65 (1.29–2.14)

1.74 (1.33–2.29)

0.001

1.65 (1.28–2.14)

1.72 (1.34–2.25)

0.001

 PLR

102.9 (82.9–127.4)

100.0 (80.6–127.1)

0.42

102.6(82.5–127.3)

102.3 (81.6–127.8)

0.94

 SII (× 109/L)

340.2 (253.2–459.2)

353.0 (261.0–490.7)

0.03

337.0 (252.6–455.9)

353.4 (258.4–488.5)

0.02

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.24 (4.64–5.90)

5.21 (4.54–5.92)

0.26

5.25 (4.64–5.90)

5.21 (4.56–5.92)

0.19

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.44 (1.03–2.13)

1.50 (1.08–2.15)

0.18

1.45 (1.03–2.13)

1.48 (1.06–2.15)

0.29

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.33 (1.14–1.57)

1.32 (1.11–1.54)

0.16

1.33 (1.14–1.57)

1.32 (1.12–1.56)

0.31

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.75 (2.27–3.28)

2.70 (2.16–3.29)

0.043

2.76 (2.27–3.27)

2.71 (2.23–3.30)

0.25

 FBG (mmol/L)

5.53 (5.19–6.04)

5.68 (5.29–6.30)

 < 0.001

5.53 (5.19–6.03)

5.64 (5.26–6.26)

 < 0.001

 HCY (mmol/L)

10.5 (8.8–12.8)

11.3 (9.4–14.2)

 < 0.001

10.5 (8.8–12.7)

11.1 (9.2–13.8)

 < 0.001

Concomitant medication, n (%)

      

 Antihypertensive

449 (21.2)

370 (39.7)

 < 0.001

345 (19.3)

474 (37.4)

 < 0.001

 Lipid-lowing

68 (3.2)

51 (5.5)

0.003

54 (3.0)

65 (5.1)

0.003

 Antidiabetic

157 (7.4)

117 (12.6)

 < 0.001

122 (6.8)

152 (12.0)

 < 0.001

 Antiplatelet

40 (1.9)

40 (4.3)

 < 0.001

29 (1.6)

51 (4.0)

 < 0.001

 Anticoagulant

1 (0.05)

3 (0.32)

0.16

1 (0.06)

3 (0.24)

0.39

  1. CSVD cerebral small vessel disease, BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII systemic immune-inflammation index (platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count); HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, FBG fasting blood glucose, HCY homocysteine
  2. *Wardlaw: 1 point allocated for presence of lacunes, microbleeds, moderate-to-severe (> 10) perivascular space in basal ganglia, periventricular white matter hyperintensities Fazekas 3 or deep white matter hyperintensities Fazekas 2–3
  3. †Rothwell: 1 point allocated for presence of lacunes, 1–4 microbleeds, frequent to severe (> 20) perivascular space in basal ganglia, moderate white matter hyperintensities (total periventricular + subcortical white matter hyperintensities grade 3–4), 2 points allocated for ≥ 5 microbleeds and severe white matter hyperintensities (total periventricular + subcortical white matter hyperintensities grade 5–6)