Fig. 5

OLDA-induced upregulation of IL-10 in endotoxemic mice depends on circulating monocytes/macrophages. A OLDA-induced IL-10 production is dependent on circulating monocytes/macrophages in endotoxemic mice: Clodronate-mediated depletion of phagocytic myeloid cells reversed OLDA-induced IL-10 upregulation, and abrogated, but did not fully reverse, the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CCL-2, TNF-α) in mice treated with LPS (1 mg/kg, i.v.; 10- to 12-week male, n = 5/group for all treatment conditions; n = 3 mice for untreated controls). B Myeloid specific TRPV1 deficiency (LysM Cre^+/−/TRPV1^lox/lox) did not abrogate the anti-inflammatory effects of OLDA in mice treated with LPS (1 mg/kg, i.v.; 10- to 12-week male and female, n = 6–12/group). C Ex vivo, OLDA directly reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β) and IL-10 by LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (cells differentiated from 10-week wild-type male, n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, LPS + vehicle compared with LPS + OLDA, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test