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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Thrombin acts as inducer of proinflammatory macrophage migration inhibitory factor in astrocytes following rat spinal cord injury

Fig. 1

Determination of thrombin, PARs, and MIF expression at lesion sites following rat SCI. a ELISA measurement of thrombin protein levels at lesion sites following SCI at 0, 1, 4, and 7d. b Western blot analysis of MIF following SCI at 0, 1, 4, and 7d. Quantities were normalized to endogenous β-actin. c PCR assay for determining the expression abundance of par1, par3, and par4 in the intact spinal cord. Quantities were normalized to endogenous gapdh. d–f RT-PCR assays of par1 (d), par3 (e), and par4 (f) transcriptional changes following SCI at 0, 1, 4, and 7d, respectively. Quantities were normalized to endogenous gapdh. Experiments were performed at least in technical triplicates. The values shown in the figures were the average of each technical replicate. Error bars represent the SEM (*P < 0.05). g Colocalization of PAR1 with GFAP-positive astrocytes before and after SCI. The sections were prepared using a cryostat from 0.25 cm length to the lesion epicenter. Rectangle indicates region magnified. Arrowheads indicate the positive signals. Scale bars, 500 μm, and 50 μm in magnification

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