Fig. 2
From: Targeting choroid plexus epithelium as a novel therapeutic strategy for hydrocephalus
Pathology of choroid plexus epithelium. The pathological process of choroid plexus has two main pathways. One promotes inflammation by acting on transporter NKCC1 with the help of TLR4. And NF-κB will be separated into NF and κB, the latter acts on SPAK through pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β. The other is the abnormal condition of cilia, mainly caused by gene mutation and hydraldehyde. Cilla dysfunction acts on the receptor, binds the pKA and ERK through the action of the second messenger cAMP, acts on the transporter AE2 and upregulates its function. TLR4 (Toll-like receptors 4), NKCC1 (Na–K–2Cl co-transporter 1), AE2 (anion exchanger2),