Fig. 5

SpNS induces transcriptomic changes in the colon. A Heat map of top 40 differently expressed genes when comparing between sham and SpNS mice. B mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, MMP-7, ACOD1, CXCL1, CXCL2, S100A8 and S100A9. mRNA levels are normalized against reference genes Nono and RPLP0. N = 15–16 per group. C GSEA plots showing depletion of HIF-1 signaling pathway associated genes among the SpNS mice. Data are expressed as mean (TNF-α) or median (other) and individual data points. Statistical differences between sham and stim mice were assessed using an independent t-test or a Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. DSS dextran sulfate sodium, SpNS splenic nerve plexus stimulation, HIF hypoxia-inducible factor, Nono non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein, RPLP0 ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, ACOD cis-aconitate decarboxylase, CXCL chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, S100 S100 calcium-binding protein, GSEA gene set enrichment analysis