Fig. 1
From: Semaphorin 4D is upregulated in neurons of diseased brains and triggers astrocyte reactivity
SEMA4D is progressively upregulated in HD neurons in parallel with evidence of astrocyte activation in Q175 KI HD mice. a Q175 knock-in mouse model of HD exhibits age-dependent upregulation and colocalization of SEMA4D in cortical neurons. b Quantification of SEMA4D expression and number of NeuN+ neurons in Q175 model with three mice/age group. Quantification analysis was performed on the entire coronal section of each mouse; mean + SEM of the sum of integrated fluorescence intensity/mouse/age group is shown. c Representative images of GFAP staining of caudoputamen at × 20 magnification. d Fractal dimension analysis of GFAP+ astrocytes in mouse frontal cortex were obtained and quantified from coronal sections (~ 5 µM); significant changes in brains of Q175 mice at 9.3 months of age observed, where data are presented as mean of all astrocytes + SEM. Group differences and statistical significance were determined using two-way ANOVA, where significance is reported at 95% confidence intervals and p-values are Bonferroni-adjusted and are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001