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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: Complement C3a activates astrocytes to promote medulloblastoma progression through TNF-α

Fig. 3

C3a enhances astrocyte activation and MB progression in vivo. A subcutaneous transplantation MB model was established to investigate the function of C3a in MB tumor growth in vivo. Whenever the subcutaneous tumor volume reached 200 mm3, tumor-bearing mice were treated with the C3aR antagonist SB290157 or the vehicle control (MCT) daily by intraperitoneal injection (30 mg/kg per mouse per day). Subcutaneous tumor volume was monitored every day, and the volume change was curved based on the fold changes (a), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. At the termination of the treatment experiment, tumors were dissociated and photographed to show tumor size (b). ce Frozen sections were prepared with tumor tissues after treatment. Immunostaining of Ki67 (in red, upper panel in c) and GFAP (in green, lower panel in c) was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation and TAA activation, and DAPI was used to counterstain the cell nuclei. The percentage of Ki67 + cells (d) and the numbers of GFAP + cells per visual field (e) in tumor sections were quantified, ***p < 0.001 vs. the MCT treatment group. The results shown are representative of at least two independent experiments. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4 mice/group)

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