Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the SDAVF patients
From: Potential biomarkers of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: C4BPA and C1QA
Discovery cohort (n = 8) | Validation cohort (n = 17) | |
|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD, year) | 51.6 ± 14.9 | 59.3 ± 9.4 |
Sex (male, %) | 75.0% | 78.9% |
Disease duration (median + IQR, Mon.)§ | 14.6 ± 9.5 | 9.9 ± 7.0 |
History of steroid therapy† | 25.0% | 17.6% |
Total protein of CSF (mean ± SD, mg/dl) | – | 56.1 ± 24.5 |
MR imaging (positive, %) | ||
Long T2 signal | 75.0% | 64.7% |
Fluid-void | 87.5% | 94.1% |
Fistula location by DSA | ||
Cervical | – | 5.9% |
Thoracic | 87.5% | 70.5% |
Lumbar | 12.5% | 23.6% |
Combined score (CS, Mean ± SD) | ||
Preoperation | 8.8 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 3.5 |
Hospital discharge | 8.5 ± 2.0, p‖ = 0.5983 | 8.6 ± 3.0, p‖ = 0.0370 |
The last follow-upØ | 7.1 ± 3.8, p‖ = 0.1428 | 6.4 ± 3.4, p‖ = 0.0068 |
Worsen rate (%)£ | 12.5% | 17.6% |
Improvement rate (%)¥ | 71.4% | 76.5% |
Recovery rate (median + IQR, %)$ | 36.4% (3.6%, 50%) | 15.6% (− 3.1%, 46.0%) |