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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Spatial and temporal variation of routine parameters: pitfalls in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis in central nervous system infections

Fig. 5

Increase in the total protein content and of the CSF-to-serum albumin concentration ratio (QAlb) in lumbar CSF during disturbances of CSF circulation. A CSF findings cranial and caudal of two disc protrusions (T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, puncture sites highlighted by red arrows) (kindly provided by Dr. Hans-Heino Rustenbeck, Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany). First lumbar puncture between 5th lumbar vertebra and Os sacrum: total protein 23920 mg/l, QAlb 338 × 10–3, lactate 2.6 mmol/l; second lumbar puncture between 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae: total protein 1548 mg/l, QAlb 19.7 × 10–3, lactate 1.6 mmol/l. B Lumbar CSF findings in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) prior and after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (I—prior; II—3 months; III—year after implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt [96]. After shunting, the lumbar CSF represents a backyard of CSF circulation. Reproduced with kind permission of Springer Nature

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