Fig. 9

VCE-004.8 ameliorates microglia and astrocyte activation after TBI. A Microglial and B astrocyte reactivity (Iba1 + cells and GFAP + cells, respectively) in the pericontusional cortex (Iba1) and corpus callosum (GFAP). Graphs represent the quantification of confocal microscopy images for each marker at 24 h, 72 h and 7 days. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, and significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test. A (24 h, 72 h and 7 days: p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001 CCI + Vehicle vs Sham, 24 h: p = 0.0347; #p < 0.05, 72 h: p = 0.0001; ###p < 0.001, 7 days: p = 0.0010; ###p < 0.001 CCI + VCE-004.8 vs CCI + Vehicle), B (24 h, 72 h and 7 days: p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001 CCI + Vehicle vs Sham, 24 h and 72 h: p = 0.0001; ###p < 0.001, 7 days: p˂0.0001; ###p < 0.001 CCI + VCE-004.8 vs CCI + Vehicle)