Fig. 10

Epithelial/Mesenchymal marker expression in human eyes. A The expression of CDH1, FN1, ACTA2, C5AR1 and C3AR1 in different types of choroidal cells from macular and peripheral area identified by the Spectacle platform [28] using the dataset of dataset of Voigt et al. [29]. B–E Immunohistochemistry of human paraffin sections from the non-lesion area (B) and macular fibrosis lesion area (C–E) of a nAMD donor eye stained for C5aR (green) and α-SMA (red) and DAPI. Thin arrows in B indicate C5aR expression in RPE cells. Small arrows in B and D indicate choroidal C5aR⁺αSMA⁻ cells. Asterisks in C indicating clumps of pigmented cells that were C5aR⁺α-SMA⁺. D High-magnification view of the rectangle area in C. E C5aR and α-SMA expression inside the fibrotic lesion. Big arrows in D and E indicate C5aR⁺ α-SMA⁺ cells. Scale bar (D, E) = 50 µm. BrM: Bruch’s membrane; Fibr: fibrosis; Ch: choroid; RPE: RPE; Re: retina; Sc: sclera