Table 2 Summary of the potential agents of pyroptosis in ocular diseases
From: Spotlight on pyroptosis: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of ocular diseases
Disease | Agent | Target | Pathway | Promote (+)/suppress (−) ODs | Animal/cell model | References | Research in other fields |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetic retinopathy | Vitamin D3 | ROS | ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 | − | Patient vitreous sample/human retinal microvascular endothelial cells | Acute kidney injury/human tubular epithelial cell [247] Hepatic injury [248] | |
Ghrelin | ROS | ROS/NLRP3 | − | ARPE-19/Wistar rats | [115] | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [249] Multiple sclerosis/neuroinflammation [250] Traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury [251] | |
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) | ROS | ROS/NLRP3 | − | ARPE-19 | [114] | Ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury [252] | |
MCC950 | NLRP3 | TXNIP/Nek7-NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD | − | Retinal microglia, C57BL/6J mice, human retinal endothelial cells | Aβ accumulation [256] | ||
β-Hydroxybutyrate | NLRP3 | ER stress/NLRP3 | − | C57BL/6J mice | [229] | Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury [233] | |
Methylene blue (MB) | NLRP3 | NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | Sprague–Dawley rats | [230] | Myelodysplasia [234] | |
Z-YVAD-FMK | caspase-1 | Caspase-1/IL-1β | − | Retinal microglia | [98] | Lung inflammation [257] Neuroblastoma [258] | |
H3 relaxin | P2X7R | P2X7R/NLRP3 | − | Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells | [102] | Nephrocalcinosis [259] | |
METTL3 | miR-25-3p | miR-25-3p/PTEN/Akt | − | ARPE-19 | [13] | Diabetic kidney disease [260] Liver fibrosis (+) [261] | |
lncRNA MIAT | miR-342-3p | miR-342-3p/caspase-1 | + | Human retinal pericyte | [107] | Diabetic cardiomyopathy [262] | |
Age-related macular degeneration | A740003 (P2X7 receptor antagonist) | P2X7R | P2X7R/ROS/NLRP3 | − | ARPE-19 cells C57BL/6 mice | [124] | Osteoarthritis [232] |
miR‐22‐3p | NLRP3 | NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | ARPE‐19/Balb/c mice | [133] | Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [263] | |
INF39 | NLRP3 | NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | ARPE‐19 | [126] | Liver injury [264] Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection [265] | |
Tranilast | NLRP3 | NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | ARPE‐19 | [227] | Atherosclerosis [266] | |
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) | amyloid β1-40 (Aβ1-40) | Aβ1-40/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD | − | ARPE-19 | [10] | – | |
Baicalin | miR-223 | miR-223/NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | ARPE-19 | [127] | Hepatic injury in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [267] | |
Glaucoma | Melatonin | NF-κB | NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD | − | Sprague–Dawley rats/ganglion cell | [223] | Atherosclerosis [268] Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury [269] Cerebral ischemia [270] Diabetes-induced brain injury [271] |
Kaempferol | NF-κB | NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 | − | Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) mice model | [62] | Spinal cord injury [235] Parkinson’s disease [236] | |
Dry eye disease | Calcitriol | NLRP3 | NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD | − | Human corneal epithelial cells | – | |
Disulfiram | GSDMD | GSDMD | − | Human corneal epithelial cells | [177] | Severe acute pancreatitis [273] Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis/ulcerative colitis [274] | |
Keratitis | Wedelolactone | IKK | Caspase-4/5/11/GSDMD | − | Human corneal keratocytes | [181] | Acute pancreatitis [245] |
Disulfiram | GSDMD | GSDMD | − | Neutrophil and macrophage | [241] | Severe acute pancreatitis [273] Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis/ulcerative colitis [274] | |
Diabetic corneal endothelial keratopathy | lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 | miR-214 | miR-214/caspase-1 | + | Corneal endothelial | [188] | Diabetic cardiomyopathy [275] Diabetic nephropathy [276] |
Uveitis | Anakinra | IL-1β | IL-1β/IL-1R | − | Patients with Behçet’s disease | [277] | Atherosclerosis [278] Muscle inflammation [279] Acute liver failure [280] |
Canakinumab | IL-1β | IL-1β/IL-1R | − | Patients with Behçet’s disease | Myocardial infarction [282] | ||
Minocycline | TLR4 | TLR4/IL-1β | − | Rat endotoxin-induced uveitis model | [283] | Depression [284] Spinal cord injury [285] |