Fig. 3

Neuronal loss and neurodegeneration increased after rmTBI. A, B Western blot was performed to observe the time course of changes in the expression of NeuN. Protein expression was normalized to β-actin and expressed as a fold change of sham. C Representative immunofluorescence staining of FJC-positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus at different time points after rmTBI. Green indicates FJC-positive staining, and blue indicates positive DAPI nuclear staining. Scale bar = 25 μm. D Quantitative analysis of FJC-positive cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test (B, D). **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus sham. E The correlations between FJC-positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus and GPx activity were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis (r = − 0.8765, P < 0.0001)