Fig. 4

MSC treatment attenuates persistent cognitive deficits induced by rmTBI in mice. A Representative immunofluorescent images of CD90 + cells were used to identify MSCs. Scale bar = 50 µm. B Representative immunofluorescent images of MAB1281 + cells were used to observe the migration of MSCs. Scale bar (left) = 100 µm; Scale bar (right) = 15 µm. C The rotarod test was tested on days 3 and 7 post-rmTBI. D The NOR test was tested on days 28–30 post-rmTBI. E–I The MWM test was performed on days 28–32 post-rmTBI. Representative training and spatial probe traces of mice in the sham, vehicle, MSCs, and Lip-1 groups (E). Escape latencies during the training period of MWM (F). The frequency of crossing the hidden platform during the probe trial of MWM (G). The first latency time to reach the platform during the probe trial of MWM (H). Swim speed during the probe trial of MWM (I). Data are expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test and Tukey’s post hoc test (C, D, G, H, I). Repeated measures ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used for comparisons of escape latency (F). For vehicle group: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs sham group; for MSCs group: ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs vehicle group; for Lip-1 group: ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs vehicle group