Fig. 8

The putative mechanism by which prenatal VPA exposure elicits post-developmental behavioral disorders. A CCL3 expression upregulation in the hippocampus during development elicited by several VPA administration protocols. VPA (300 mg/kg) was orally administered three times, i.e., at E12.5, E13.5 and E14.5 (3xVPA), or VPA (500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at E12.5 (VPAip). CCL3 protein expression in the hippocampi of P10 mice was determined by ELISA. The values are presented as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4 male pups from 4 dams in each group). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA [F(2, 9) = 8.387, p = 0.0088] with Dunnett's corrected multiple comparison test. B Schematic showing the action of CCL3 in mice with fetal VPA exposure