Table 2 Summary of microglial subsets reported in AD patients
Subjects | Methods | Subsets | Signature | Conversion | Function | Publication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
482,472 nuclei from 18 non-demented control brains and AD brains | snRNA-seq | Homeostatic microglia | Expressing P2RY12 and CX3CR1 | Gerrits et al. [20] | ||
AD-1 microglia | ↑: Phagocytic associated gene, DAM-like genes | Response to amyloid-β in the extracellular space | ||||
AD-2 microglia | ↑: GRID2 | Response to p-tau bearing (dying) neurons | ||||
131,239 nuclei from 48 cases | snRNA-seq | Dystrophic microglia | ↑: Pro-inflammatory related genes ↑: FTL and FTH1 | Nguyen et al. [108] | ||
Amyloid-responsive microglia (ARM) | ↑: Pro-inflammatory related genes ↑: CD163, BIN1, MS4A6A, and CELF1 | ARM subsets depend on APOE and TREM2 signaling | ||||
Homeostatic microglia | Expressing CX3CR1 | |||||
Motile microglia | ↑: Genes associated with cell motility, actin remodeling, and extracellular matrix remodeling | |||||
66,311 nuclei from 11 AD with the TREM2-CV, 10 with TREM2-R62H and 11 controls | snRNA-seq | IRF8-driven reactive microglia | ↑: TREM2, APOE, CD68, and HLA-DRA (Partial DAM) ↑: IRF8, SORL1, A2M and CHI3L1 ↑: Homeostatic gene TMEM119, P2RY12, and CX3CR1 ↓:SPP1 | IRF8 is likely a major driver of this signature | Zhou et al. [31] |