Table 1 Inhibitors of the cGAS–STING pathway

Cytosolic DNA

Metformin or rapamycin

Autophagy can decrease the load of cytoplasmic DNA

Ageing-associated inflammation

[134]

cGAS

RU.521

Inhibits the activity of cGAS by binding the catalytic sites in cGAS to influence the synthesis of 2’,3’-cGAMP

Not mentioned

[117]

A151

Abrogates the activation of cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing cGAS and the AIM inflammasome by binding to these molecules in a manner that competes with immune-stimulatory DNA

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

[17]

Quinacrine

Prevents the combination of cGAS and DNA and thus inhibits the cGAS–STING signalling pathway

[118]

Aspirin

Acetylates cGAS at three lysine residues and blocks cGAS activity

Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome

[119]

Epigallocatechin gallate

Blocks the interaction between cGAS and DNA by inhibiting the activity of GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1)

Not mentioned

[120]

STING

C-176 and H151

Combines with CDN by integrating with Cys-91 sites in rat STING, which blocks the palmitoylation of STING

[61]

Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone

(CCCP)

Disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, which leads to repressed communication between STING and TBK-1

Not mentioned

[129]

Compound 18

Binds to STING and reduces the binding affinity of cGAMP to STING

Not mentioned

[131]

AstinC

Targets the downstream transcription factor IRF-1

Not mentioned

[132]

IFNs

Ruxolitinib

Electively inhibits the IFN-γ/JAK/STAT signalling pathway

Traumatic spinal cord injury

[137]

Baricitinib

Blocks IFN signalling

Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperatures

Stimulator of IFN genes-associated (STING-associated) vasculopathy with onset in infancy

[138]