Fig. 1

CCI induces persistent inflammatory responses. A Surgical image of the CCI model in mice. B Hoechst staining of the sciatic nerves at 4 and 14 days after CCI. White stars indicate the distribution of ligations. Scale bar = 100 μm. C–G Changes of inflammatory factors, including pro-inflammatory factors, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory factor, TGF-β and IL-10 after CCI at 4 and 14 days. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 3–5 mice/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the sham group. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test