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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Early effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation on the rat hippocampal glycolytic pathway

Fig. 1

LPS activates neuroinflammatory pathways in the hippocampus. Pro-inflammatory immunocontent of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) was measured by ELISA. Gene expressions of cytokines and receptors were evaluated by RT-PCR. Phospho-NFκB was evaluated in total homogenate and nucleus fraction by Western blot. LPS increases IL-1β at both time points, and at 6 h TNF-α was decreased (A). IL-1b mRNA increases only at 24 h after LPS injection, with no changes in its receptor (ILR1), and in TNF-α or its receptor, TNFR1 (B). Representative image of Western blot data (C). The translocation to the nucleus of phospho-NF-κB increases at both time points (D). No changes in mRNA of receptors (TLR2, TLR4, RAGE) involved in neuroinflammatory signaling. NLRP3 mRNA was increased only at 6 h (E). Values are expressed as means ± standard error. LPS 6 h (euthanized at 6 h after LPS administration), LPS 24 h (euthanized at 24 h after LPS administration). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test, assuming P < 0.05. * means significant increase, when compared to sham group (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01), # means significant decrease, when compared to sham group

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