Fig. 4

PBMT treatment of lymph nodes affected the activation of CD4⁺ T cells, the expression of IFN-γ/IL-10 in CD4⁺ T cells, and the recruitment of CD4⁺ T cells to the brain of APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mice. A, B Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD4⁺ IFN-γ⁺ T cells and CD4⁺ IL-10⁺ T cells in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mouse brain tissues after PBMT treatment (n = 3 per group) (A) and its quantitative analyses (B). C, D Representative images (C) and quantitative analyses (D) of CD4⁺ T cells in cortex regions from PBMT-treated or un-treated APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD groups. Nuclei was stained by DAPI. Scale bar: 50 μm, (n = 4 per group). E Western blotting analysis and quantification of CD4 protein expression in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mouse brains with or without PBMT, (n = 3 per group). F The number of CD4⁺ CD69⁺ T cells in the brain tissue of six groups was detected by flow cytometry. The statistical analysis of F was provided in Additional file 1: Fig. S3A. All quantifications are presented as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test; *p < 0.05 versus WT group; ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01, #p < 0.05 versus indicated group