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Table 2 Comparison of clinical outcomes between rituximab cohort and control cohort

From: Simplified regimen of combined low-dose rituximab for autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies

Evaluation scales

Baseline

1st visit

2nd visit

3rd visit

Last visit

RTX

Ctrl

p

RTX

Ctrl

p

RTX

Ctrl

p

RTX

Ctrl

p

RTX

Ctrl

p

CASE

Scores median(IQR)

8 (7.25)

6 (2)

0.079

3 (4.5)

3 (2)

0.763

2 (3.25)

2 (2)

0.834

1.5 (1.25)

2 (2)

0.172

0 (1.25)

1 (2)

0.037

Scores differ ± median (IQR)

–

–

–

− 5 (4.5)

− 3 (2)

0.010

− 6.5 (5.5)

− 3 (3)

0.016

− 6.5 (7.3)

− 4 (3)

0.013

− 7 (7)

− 4 (3)

0.007

mRS

Scores median(IQR)

4 (1.25)

4 (1)

0.083

2 (1)

3 (1)

0.270

2 (1)

2 (1.5)

0.771

1 (1.25)

1 (1)

0.532

0.5 (1.25)

1 (2)

0.418

Scores differ ± median (IQR)

–

–

–

− 1 (1)

− 1 (0.5)

0.010

− 2 (10)

− 2 (2)

0.140

− 3 (2)

− 2 (1)

0.043

− 3.5 (2)

− 3 (1)

0.062

MMSE

Scores median (IQR)

14.5 (16.25)

20 (15.5)

0.062

23.5 (11)

23 (10)

0.785

25.5 (7.75)

24 (8)

0.907

26 (6.25)

27 (7)

0.522

28.5 (3)

27 (5)

0.089

Scores differ ± median (IQR)

–

–

–

+ 8 (8.8)

+ 3 (7.5)

0.006

+ 11 (15.5)

+ 4 (13)

0.046

+ 10.5 (16)

+ 5 (14)

0.037

+ 13 (15.3)

+ 7 (14)

0.018

Patient

NPI

Scores median (IQR)

15 (20.5)

9 (10)

0.066

1.5 (4.5)

3 (5.5)

0.532

0 (4)

0 (4)

0.863

0 (2)

0 (3)

0.538

0 (0)

0 (1.5)

0.371

Scores differ ± median (IQR)

–

–

–

− 14 (14.3)

− 6 (10)

0.021

− 13 (16)

− 7 (11.5)

0.044

− 14 (20)

− 8 (11.5)

0.038

− 15 (20.8)

− 8 (11.5)

0.028

Caregiver NPI

Scores median (IQR)

6.5 (5.75)

5 (5)

0.054

1 (3)

2 (3)

0.461

0 (2)

0 (2)

0.785

0 (0.25)

0 (1.5)

0.381

0 (0.25)

0 (1.5)

0.547

Scores differ ± median (IQR)

–

–

–

− 6 (5)

− 2 (4)

0.006

− 5 (7.3)

− 3 (5.5)

0.043

− 6.5 (7.8)

− 4 (5)

0.038

− 6.5 (6.3)

− 3 (5)

0.016

  1. Detailed clinical status was evaluated by a series of AE-associated scales at baseline before treatment and continuous 4 visits after treatment. 1st visit: at discharge, 2nd visit: 6 months later, 3rd visit: 12 months later, 4th visit: last follow-up with at least > 12 months
  2. RTX rituximab cohort, Ctrl control cohort, CASE the Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis, mRS the modified Rankin Scale score, MMSE the Mini-mental State Examination score, NPI the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, IQR interquartile rang. p values reaching statistical significance are indicated in bold