Fig. 2

Direct injection of high-affinity anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-induced severe axonal injury. A Experimental time course. Cholera toxin subunit b (CTB)–Alexa 488 tracer was injected into the vitreous with a micro-syringe. B Representative confocal images of longitudinal optic nerve section. Axons are effectively labeled by CTB. White arrows indicate the injection site. Scale bar: 500 μm. C Representative images of CTB-labeled axons in transverse sections at 1 mm and 4 mm posterior to the IgG-injected site. Scale bar: 20 μm. D, E Quantification of CTB-labeled axons at 1 mm and 4 mm posterior to the IgG-injected site. (Intact: n = 6, Control-IgG: n = 6, AQP4-IgG: n = 6, mean ± SEM, ***p < 0.001 One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni tests). F Representative images of FluoroMyelin in transverse sections at 1 mm and 4 mm posterior to the IgG-injected site. Scale bar: 20 μm. G, H Quantification of FluoroMyelin-positive area at 1 mm and 4 mm posterior to the IgG-injected site (Intact: n = 6, Control-IgG: n = 6, AQP4-IgG: n = 6, mean ± SEM, ***p < 0.001 One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test)