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Fig. 3 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 3

From: GSK872 and necrostatin-1 protect retinal ganglion cells against necroptosis through inhibition of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway in glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxic model of glaucoma

Fig. 3

NMDA-induced retinal damage and necroptosis of RGCs in mice. a HE staining and quantitative analysis of total retinal thickness and GCC thickness in retina tissue harvested at different times post intravitreal injection of NMDA or saline. The thickness was measured in the area 1 mm around the optic nerve. Scale bar = 50 μm. b Schematic illustration of the retinal area. RGCs were quantified in three areas (center, middle, periphery) in each of the four quadrants of the retina. c Immunofluorescence staining of flat-mounted mice retinas with RBPMS (green) and quantification of RBPMS-positive RGCs at different times after NMDA injury. Scale bar = 50 μm. d Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected typical necroptotic morphology in RGCs after NMDA injury, including cell swelling, vesiculation of cytoplasmic organelles and rupture of the plasma membrane. Black arrows indicate mitochondria; white arrows indicate rupture of plasma membrane. GCL: ganglion cell layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; OPL: outer plexiform layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer; GCC: ganglion cell complex. The results were recorded as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus saline group

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