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Table 1 Overview of the main clinicopathological features of DMG and GBM

From: Current perspectives on diffuse midline glioma and a different role for the immune microenvironment compared to glioblastoma

 

DMG

GBM

Median age of diagnosis

6–7 years old

64 years old

Survival

 < 1 year

15 months

Tumor location

Midline of the brain

Throughout the brain; higher incidence in frontal and temporal lobes

Cell type of origin

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

Neural stem cell/oligodendrocyte precursor cell

Frequent mutations

H3K27M, TP53, ACVR1, PDGFRA, PIK3R1/PIK3CA

TP53, PTEN, IDH1, NF1, EGFR, RB1

Tumor features

High genetic homogeneity, tissue histology grade II–IV

Low genetic homogeneity, heterogeneous tissue histology, often paired with a disrupted blood–brain barrier

Microenvironment features

Low levels of immune infiltration, TAM population is unpolarized

High levels of immunosuppression, TAM population resembles M0 phenotype

Treatment options

Radiation therapy

Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy