Fig. 1

HsTx2 suppresses PTZ-induced epilepsy in an animal model. a Effect of HsTx2 on the latency to tonic‒clonic seizures in the PTZ group (n = 9), ethosuximide group (n = 10), 0.5 nmol/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7) and 1 nmol/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7). b Racine scores of the PTZ group (n = 9), ethosuximide group (n = 10), 0.5 nml/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7) and 1 nmol/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7). c Survival ratios in the PTZ group (n = 9), ethosuximide group (n = 10), 0.5 nmol/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7) and 1 nmol/kg HsTx2 group (n = 7). d Representative EEG recordings from the three groups of mice (n = 6) and histogram of the number of spike waves. e ELISAs were used to determine the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β2 after HsTx2 treatment in mouse brains (n = 6). f ELISAs were used to determine the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β2 after random scrambled peptide treatment in mouse brains (n = 3). g Heatmap of circRNAs (n = 6). h circ_0001293-related circRNA-miRNA‒mRNA negative correlation network. ^*P < 0.05 compared with the PTZ group; ^***P < 0.001 compared with the NC group; ^****P < 0.0001 compared with the NC group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^###P < 0.001 compared with the PTZ group