Fig. 5

Saturated VLCFAs are degraded by peroxisomal β-oxidation with onset of pro-inflammatory resolution. Macrophages derived from healthy control donors were treated with LPS and incubated for the indicated time. A The mean values of C26:0 and C16:0 degradation by peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation normalized to protein content are shown (n = 3). B Scheme indicating the enzymes involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation (acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, ACOX1; D-bifunctional protein, DBP; acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1, ACAA1). C RT-qPCR of ABCD1 normalized to HPRT1 mRNA levels (n = 6). D Immunoblot analysis to determine ABCD1 protein levels normalized to β-actin of macrophages derived from 4 healthy donors. Representative blot shows values from one healthy donor. E RT-qPCR of ACOX1, HSD17B4 and ABCD3 expression with normalization to HPRT1 mRNA levels (n = 6). F Microarray data from LPS-stimulated human primary macrophages (n = 6) were retrieved from Regan et al., (GSE85333) and log 2-fold changes are shown by the heatmap. One-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD comparison test was used for statistical analysis in A, C–E. Bar graphs indicate means ± standard deviations. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ns not significant