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Fig. 9 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 9

From: Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats

Fig. 9

Incubation with MSC-EVs normalizes the membrane expression of NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors and GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of AMPA receptors in hippocampal slices from hyperammonemic rats. Membrane expression of A NR2B (n = 9–23), B GluA1 (n = 8–24) and C GluA2 (n = 8–18) in homogenates from hippocampal slices incubated in the presence (+) or absence (−) of the cross-linker BS3, measured by western blot. Samples in the absence of BS3 represent the total amount of each protein, while samples incubated in the presence of BS3 represent the non-membrane fraction of each protein. Representative images of the blots of each protein are shown. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values are expressed as percentage of membrane expression of controls and are the mean ± SEM. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisk (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001), values significantly different from HA group are indicated by a (aa = p < 0.01; aaa = p < 0.001; aaaa = p < 0.0001) and values significantly different from HA + EVs group are indicated by b (b = p < 0.05; bb = p < 0.01; bbb = p < 0.001). Sample size of each group is indicated at the bottom of the bars

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