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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Microglia/macrophages require vitamin D signaling to restrain neuroinflammation and brain injury in a murine ischemic stroke model

Fig. 4

Microglia/macrophages lacking VDR exhibit more drastic proinflammatory properties after cerebral ischemia. AD FACS analysis of the expression of TNF-α (A), IFN-γ (B), CD86 (C), and CD206 (D) in CD11b+CD45int microglia from control and Vdr-cKO mice 3 days after MCAO (n = 5 per group). E Immunostaining of Iba1 and CD16/CD32 within ischemic penumbra of indicated groups. Dashed lines divide the infarction core and ischemic penumbra. Scale bar, 20 µm. The fluorescence intensity of CD16/32 was quantified (n = 6 per group). F mRNA levels of Cd16 and Cd32 in the ischemic brain of indicated groups (n = 6 per group). G Heatmap of differential gene expression profiles of microglia/macrophages isolated from control and Vdr-cKO mice undergoing sham and ischemic insult 3 days after the surgery. Differentially expressed gene is defined as adjusted P < 0.05 and log2-fold change (FC) > 1.0. H Volcano plot analysis displaying dysregulated genes related to disease-associated microglia signature performed in microglia/macrophages isolated from control and Vdr-cKO mice at day 3 after MCAO. I GO annotation results of the top 20 biological process terms based on differentially expressed genes in G. J Top 20 terms by pathway enrichment analysis using Reactome datasets. aThe full term is “Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC”; bthe full term is “Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell”. Each symbol represents one mouse. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, Vdr-cKO versus control group by two-tailed Student’s t test in AE and Mann–Whitney test in F

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