Fig. 5

VDR deficiency in microglia/macrophages aggravates poststroke T cell CNS infiltration via CXCL10 induction. A The counts of resident CD11b⁺CD45^int microglia and brain infiltrating immune cell subsets, as evaluated by FACS analysis of brains of control and Vdr-cKO mice 3 days after MCAO (n = 6 per group). B FACS analysis of splenic immune cell subsets of indicated groups 3 days after MCAO (n = 6 per group). C qRT-PCR analysis of the relative mRNA levels of chemokines and adhesion molecules responsible for T cell and monocyte infiltration in the ischemic brains of control and Vdr-cKO mice (n = 6 per group) 3 days after MCAO. D Time-course changes of Cxcl10 mRNA levels in the ischemic brains of control and Vdr-cKO mice within the first 3 days after MCAO (n = 5 per group). E Heatmap plot showing chemokine concentrations in the ischemic brains of indicated groups, as measured by multiplexed immunoassay 3 days after MCAO (n = 3 per group). F, G Immunofluorescence staining for CD31 and CXCL10 of brain sections of indicated groups 3 days after MCAO. Scale bar, 40 µm. The counts of CD31⁺CXCL10⁺ ECs are quantified (n = 6 per group). H, I Western blot analysis of ZO-1 and Claudin-5 of the ischemic brains of indicated groups 3 days after MCAO (n = 5 per group). J Immunofluorescence staining of CD31, CXCL10, and Claudin-5 of brain sections from Vdr-cKO and Vdr^f/f mice 3 days after MCAO. K Quantification of the counts of CD31⁺ cells of each group in J (n = 6 per group). L Quantification of Claudin-5⁺ areas of each group in J (n = 6 per group). Each symbol represents one mouse. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, Vdr-cKO versus control mice by two-tailed Student’s t test in A, B, G, I, K, and L, Mann–Whitney test in C, and two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak's post hoc test in D