Fig. 4

Vagal injection of AAV-A53T induces p-α-synuclein deposited in the SCs of vagus nerves. A Representative confocal image of S100β (blue) and α-synuclein (red) in the left vagus nerve at 3 months post-injection and quantitative analysis of the density (C, D). Scale bar = 10 μm. n = 6. B Representative confocal images of S100β (blue), NF (red), and S129 (light blue) in the left vagus nerve at 3 months post-injection and quantitative analysis of positive cells (E–G). Scale bar = 10 μm. n = 6. Representative western blot bands (H) and the statistical graph (I, J) of total α-synuclein and p-α-synuclein in the left vagus nerve. The protein levels were normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold-over controls. n = 4. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns, not significant