Fig. 1
(Adapted from Ransohoff and Brown [34])
Innate recognition of tissue injury. DAMPs activate cell surface toll-like receptors (TLRs) and ligation of TLRs initiates an intracellular signaling cascade that drive the production of IL-1 family cytokine precursor proteins. ATP activates NOD-like receptors (NLRs), which signals the cleavage and maturation of IL-1 family cytokines