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Table 3 Absolute ultrastructural analysis of typical astrocytes near vs far from Aß plaques/dystrophic neurites in aged APP-PS1 mice compared to age-matched C57BL/6 mice in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the ventral hippocampus CA1

From: Astrocytes display ultrastructural alterations and heterogeneity in the hippocampus of aged APP-PS1 mice and human post-mortem brain samples

 

C57BL/6J

APP-PS1

Control

Mean ± SEM

(Min–Max)

Far AD

Mean ± SEM

(Min–Max)

Near AD

Mean ± SEM

(Min–Max)

Primary lysosomes (n)

0.6316 ± 0.1432

(0.000–3.000)

0.6061 ± 0.1737

(0.000–4.000)

0.5484 ± 0.1379

(0.000–3.000)

Secondary lysosomes (n)

1.211 ± 0.2776

(0.000–7.000)

0.6364 ± 0.1837

(0.000–4.000)

0.8065 ± 0.2384

(0.000–6.000)

Tertiary lysosomes (n)

0.4737 ± 0.1398

(0.000–4.000)

0.6061 ± 0.1737

(0.000–3.000)

0.6774 ± 0.2194

(0.000–4.000)

All lysosomes (n)

2.316 ± 0.3580

(0.000–9.000)

1.848 ± 0.3202

(0.000–6.000)

2.032 ± 0.3724

(0.000–9.000)

Lipid bodies (n)

2.184 ± 0.4663

(0.000–11.00)

2.909 ± 0.7049

(0.000–14.00)

3.839 ± 0.9860

(0.000–22.00)

Altered mitochondria (n)

0.8947 ± 0.1545

(0.000–3.000)

0.6061 ± 0.1625

(0.000–4.000)

1.065 ± 0.2172

(0.000–4.000)

Elongated mitochondria (n)

2.579 ± 0.4869

(0.000–17.00)

1.939 ± 0.2818

(0.000–6.000)

3.129 ± 0.6077

(0.000–13.00)

All mitochondria (n) *

13.39 ± 1.095

(1.000–40.00)

12.79 ± 1.004

(2.000–26.00)

19.55 ± 2.270

(1.000–57.00)

Partially digested phagosomes (n)

2.526 ± 0.3533

(0.000–10.00)

2.909 ± 0.4091

(0.000 ± 8.000)

4.484 ± 0.7212

(0.000–17.000)

Fully digested phagosomes (n)***

2.842 ± 0.3781

(0.000–9.000)

3.061 ± 0.4766

(0.000–10.00)

6.258 ± 1.017 &&!!

(0.000–27.00)

All phagosomes (n)**

5.368 ± 0.6191

(0.000–19.00)

5.970 ± 0.7010

(1.000–15.00)

10.74 ± 1.573 &&!

(1.000–44.00)

Association with myelinated axons (n)

1.763 ± 0.4953

(0.000–14.00)

1.576 ± 0.4013

(0.000–9.000)

1.258 ± 0.4121

(0.000–10.00)

Axon terminals (n)

9.579 ± 0.8614

(2.000–31.00)

8.727 ± 1.026

(1.000–31.00)

12.26 ± 1.392

(2.000–33.00)

Dendritic spines (n) *

1.342 ± 0.2394

(0.000–6.000)

1.848 ± 0.2579

(0.000–6.000)

2.581 ± 0.4219 &

(0.000–10.00)

All synaptic contacts (n)*

14.50 ± 1.245

(4.000–46.00)

13.45 ± 1.261

(3.000–38.00)

19.35 ± 2.071!

(4.000–51.00)

Dilated ER (n)

2.368 ± 0.4967

(0.000–16.00)

1.303 ± 0.2769

(0.000–7.000)

3.129 ± 0.9120

(0.000–20.00)

Non-dilated ER (n)

16.82 ± 1.976

(2.000–73.00)

12.30 ± 1.253

(4.000–29.00)

18.06 ± 2.313

(2.000–48.00)

Dilated Golgi apparatus (n)*

1.000 ± 0.2444

(0.000–8.000)

0.2727 ± 0.007873

(0.000–1.000)

0.7097 ± 0.1552

(0.000–3.000)

Non-dilated Golgi apparatus (n)

2.184 ± 0.4265

(0.000–13.00)

1.636 ± 0.2254 #

(0.000–4.000)

2.968 ± 0.4436

(0.000–9.000)

Autophagosomes (n)

0.2105 ± 0.09359

(0.000–3.000)

0.5758 ± 0.1742

(0.000–4.000)

0.2903 ± 0.09497

(0.000–2.000)

Cell area (µm2)**

42.53 ± 2.774

(20.19–120.0)

36.66 ± 2.803

(14.73 ± 73.60)

56.15 ± 4.641!!!

(16.77–130.2)

Cytoplasmic area (µm2) **

20.32 ± 2.584

(8.028–106.5)

18.02 ± 1.731

(5.983–51.94)

29.91 ± 3.601 !!

(5.633–89.16)

Nucleus area (µm2)*

22.21 ± 1.290

(10.12–41.16)

18.64 ± 1.822

(4.045–46.22)

26.23 ± 2.486!

(4.264–61.13)

Cell perimeter (µm)**

49.50 ± 2.905

(24.79–130.6)

42.30 ± 2.750

(21.78–83.58)

62.73 ± 6.112!!

(22.71–184.5)

Nucleus perimeter (µm)**

21.35 ± 0.6547

(13.53–28.32)

17.72 ± 0.9569

(7.461–30.47)

23.07 ± 1.685

(7.796–44.02)

AR (a.u.)

2.270 ± 0.1555

(1.051–5.068)

2.217 ± 0.1752 #

(1.087–5.509)

2.295 ± 0.1771!

(1.204–5.750)

Circularity (a.u.)

0.2468 ± 0.01565

(0.08800–0.4980)

0.2940 ± 0.02280

(0.1090–0.6330)

0.2483–0.02722

(0.04800–0.5960)

Solidity (a.u.)

0.6741 ± 0.02028

(0.3550–0.8990)

0.7146 ± 0.02278

(0.4140–0.8980)

0.6930 ± 0.02512

(0.4070–0.9560)

  1. n number, a.u. arbitrary unit, ER endoplasmic reticulum, and p-values of statistically significant tests are highlighted with various symbols (!, #, &)
  2. Data reported are shown as number per cell and expressed as means ± SEM in addition to the minimum and maximum value obtained
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 using a Kruskal–Wallis test with a Dunn’s multiple comparisons post hoc test. * p value summary, ! Near vs Far AD, & Far AD vs C57BL/6J, # Far AD vs C57BL/6J. Statistical tests were performed on n = 8–12 astrocytes per animal in N = 3 mice/group, for a total of 102 cell bodies analyzed
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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094