Fig. 1
From: PARK7/DJ-1 in microglia: implications in Parkinson’s disease and relevance as a therapeutic target
Functions of DJ-1. DJ-1 has a plethora of functions and was originally described as an oncogene A due to its involvement in cellular transformation and transcriptional regulation. B DJ-1 protects against oxidative stress both indirectly by stabilizing transcription factors inducing an antioxidant response or C directly by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the mitochondria and cytoplasm and indirectly by stabilizing transcription factors inducing an antioxidant response. The cysteine residue on position 106 (Cys106) within the DJ-1 protein acts as a sensor of redox state and can be oxidized to sulfinate (-SO2−) and further to sulfonate (-SO3−). Cys106-SO2− has cytoprotective functions, whereas excessive oxidative stress can induce its overoxidation Cys106-SO3− and thereby its loss of function. Figure created with www.BioRender