Fig. 5

Cxcr5^−/− mice showed deficits in real-time place escape/avoidance behavior induced by CPIP. A Schematic picture showing real-time PEA test performed on Day14 after CPIP model establishment. During pretest phase, the mouse is placed in a two-chamber box and allowed to explore both chambers without stimulation. During stimulation phase, a von Frey hair is used to stimulate the ipsilateral hindpaw whenever the mouse enters or stays in the preferred chamber. During the posttest phase, the mouse can freely explore the chambers without stimulation. B–E Representative pictures showing mouse moving traces of WT + Sham, WT + CPIP, Cxcr5^−/− + Sham and Cxcr5^−/− + CPIP groups during pretest and posttest phases (10 min for each). F–I Corresponding heatmap illustrations of the moving traces in accordance with B–E. J–M Comparison of the dwelling time in stimulated chamber of WT + Sham (J), WT + CPIP (K), Cxcr5^−/− + Sham (L) and Cxcr5^−/− + CPIP (M) groups of mice before and after mechanical stimulation. N Calculated aversion time of all 4 groups of mice. n = 6–8 mice/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. NS: no significance. Student’s t test was used for comparisons in panels J–M. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for comparisons in N