Fig. 1

Chronic cerebral ischemia induced significant up-regulation of CXCL5. a Volcano plot of the results of CC tissue microarray analysis between the Sham and BCAS groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). n = 3 per group. b Heatmap of fourteen genes related to immune response form CC tissue microarray analysis. n = 3 per group. c The mRNA level of fourteen genes was measured in the Sham and BCAS groups by qPCR. n = 4 per group. d The mRNA level of Cxcl5 in the CC at different time points after BCAS by qPCR. e The result of serum CXCL5 concentration in the Sham and BCAS groups by ELISA. n = 8 per group. f The result of CXCL5 concentration in the CC homogenate in the Sham and BCAS groups by ELISA. n = 7–8 per group. g Representative images of immunostaining against GFAP and CXCL5 in EC in the BCAS groups. (Bar = 50 μm). h The mRNA level of Cxcl5 in the astrocytes (AST) and the other cells (Others) from the CTX and CC in the Sham and BCAS groups by qPCR. n = 4 per group. i The result of CXCL5 concentration in the supernatant of primary astrocytes in the control, OGD/R 12 h and OGD/R 24 h groups by ELISA. n = 3 per group. All data were presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ns means no significance. EC: external capsule. 2W, 2 weeks. 2 M, 2 months. Student’s t-test for c, e and f. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc for d, i, j