Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: STING controls opioid-induced itch and chronic itch via spinal tank-binding kinase 1-dependent type I interferon response in mice

Fig. 2

STING agonism elevates neuraxial morphine-induced spinal decrease of TBK1 and IRF3 phosphoration. A Double staining of STING (red) with markers (green) of different cells in the spinal dorsal horn—neuron (NeuN), astrocyte (GFAP), and microglia (IBA-1). Scale bar, 100 μm. B-F STING agonist DMXAA (i.p., 20 mg/kg) was administered 60 min prior to morphine (i.t., 0.3 nmol) exposure. Western blot showed that DMXAA treatment affects spinal TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation but not expression at 30 min after morphine injection. G and H Spinal concentrations of IFN-α and IFN-β at 1 h after DMXAA treatment were measured using ELISA assay. n = 6 mice/group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (C–F), and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (G and H)

Back to article page