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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Pathological hemodynamic changes and leukocyte transmigration disrupt the blood–spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury

Fig. 5

Alleviating pathological hemodynamic changes partially reduces gap formation on TJs and barrier leakage. a Vessel parameters were calculated following topical application of the NO donor NONOate post-SCI. Scale bar: vertical = 100 ms, horizontal = 200 μm. b Quantification of blood flow velocity in dAVs within one hour after NONOate application. Data from the NT pre/post-SCI group in Fig. 4b were replotted for comparison. The pre-SCI data were pooled (n = 8 and 5 mice, a total of 66 and 47 vessels). c Representative immunofluorescence images of TJs in small vessels treated with NONOate 4 h post-SCI. Scale bar = 5 μm. df Quantification of the gap density at TJs in the presence or absence of NONOate 4 h post-SCI. (d) claudin-5; (e) occludin; (f) ZO-1 (n = 5 mice, total 76, 80, and 136 vessels). g Time-lapse imaging of barrier leakage in the epicenter after acute SCI with the application of NONOate. Scale bar = 200 μm. h Quantification of the integrated fluorescence intensity of 40 kDa TRITC-dextran extravasated from the dAV in (g) (n = 8 mice, or n = 6 in the ctrl group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; nested, one-way ANOVA (b, df) and two-way ANOVA (h)

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